NH2COONH4

NH2COONH4, commonly known as ammonium carbamate, is an inorganic salt consisting of an ammonium cation and a carbamate anion. Its formula reflects two nitrogen atoms, six hydrogens, one carbon, and two oxygens. It appears as a white, crystalline solid that is hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture from the air.

Production and occurrence: Ammonium carbamate is formed directly by the reaction of ammonia with carbon dioxide: 2 NH3 + CO2 → NH2COONH4. In industrial chemistry, it is an important intermediate in the manufacture of urea. When heated, ammonium carbamate dehydrates to form urea and water: NH2COONH4 → (NH2)2CO + H2O.

Properties: The compound is stable as a solid under ordinary conditions but will decompose upon heating. It is soluble in water and tends to absorb moisture from the environment due to its hygroscopic nature. In solution, it exists in equilibrium with ammonium and carbamate species, depending on pH and concentration.

Applications: The principal use of ammonium carbamate is as an intermediate in the production of urea, which is a widely used nitrogen fertilizer and industrial chemical. It can also serve as a source of nitrogen in various fertilizer formulations, either directly or after conversion to urea.

Safety: Ammonium carbamate is a chemical irritant that should be handled with appropriate precautions. The solid should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. Contact with skin or eyes should be avoided, and inhalation of dust should be minimized.