NADboosting

NAD boosting refers to approaches aimed at increasing intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a central coenzyme in energy metabolism and cellular signaling. NAD+ participates in redox reactions essential for mitochondrial function and serves as a substrate for enzymes such as sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38. Age-related NAD+ decline is documented in several organisms and tissues, spurring research into interventions.

Primary strategies include supplementation with NAD+ precursors, notably nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which are thought to raise NAD+ through salvage pathways. Other approaches seek to reduce NAD+ consumption, such as inhibitors of CD38 or PARP1, or to mimic caloric restriction and exercise, which can upregulate NAD+-related pathways.

Evidence in animals links higher NAD+ to improved mitochondrial function, metabolic health, and some extended lifespan in model organisms. Human studies have reported increases in circulating NAD+ metabolites after NR or NMN supplementation and occasional improvements in insulin sensitivity or exercise capacity, but long-term health outcomes remain unproven.

Safety profiles in short-term trials are generally favorable, with mild gastrointestinal or flushing symptoms reported in some cases. Supplements are not universally regulated as drugs, and effects can vary by dose and formulation. Ongoing clinical trials aim to clarify efficacy, optimal dosing, and potential disease-modifying benefits.