N2methylation

N2-methylation is a post-translational modification of proteins, where a methyl group (CH3) is added to the nitrogen atom of an arginine residue. This modification is catalyzed by enzymes known as protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). N2-methylation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including gene regulation, cell signaling, and protein-protein interactions. It is involved in the regulation of transcription factors, histone proteins, and other regulatory proteins, influencing processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The addition of a methyl group to arginine can alter the protein's structure, stability, and function, thereby modulating its interactions with other proteins and DNA. N2-methylation is a reversible process, with demethylation enzymes removing the methyl group when necessary. Dysregulation of N2-methylation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of N2-methylation is essential for developing targeted therapies for these conditions.