Myokinase

Myokinase, also known as adenylate kinase (AK) or ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, is a key enzyme found in the cytosol of all living organisms. It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to AMP, producing two molecules of ADP. This reaction is crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by ensuring a sufficient supply of ATP for cellular processes. Myokinase also plays a role in regulating the cellular adenylate energy charge, which is a measure of the cell's energy status. There are several isoforms of myokinase in mammals, each with slightly different tissue distribution and kinetic properties. Its presence in various cellular compartments suggests diverse functions beyond just energy buffering. For example, it has been implicated in processes such as apoptosis and signal transduction. The enzyme's activity is essential for high-energy demanding tissues like muscle and brain. Myokinase's ability to interconvert adenine nucleotides makes it a target for research into various metabolic disorders and diseases.