Mykorhizák

Mykorhizák, often referred to as mycorrhizae, are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots. The term "mycorrhiza" itself is derived from Greek words for fungus ("mykes") and root ("rhiza"). These relationships are crucial for the vast majority of terrestrial plants, playing a vital role in nutrient acquisition and plant health.

In a mycorrhizal symbiosis, the fungal hyphae extend far into the soil, effectively increasing the surface area available for nutrient and water absorption for the plant. In return, the fungus receives carbohydrates, such as sugars, produced by the plant through photosynthesis. This mutually beneficial exchange allows plants to access essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, which are often immobile in the soil and difficult for plant roots alone to obtain.

There are several types of mycorrhizae, with the most common being ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae typically form a sheath around the root tip and grow between root cells, while arbuscular mycorrhizae penetrate the plant root cells, forming highly branched structures called arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs.

The presence of mycorrhizae can significantly enhance plant growth, improve drought tolerance, and increase resistance to soil-borne pathogens. These symbiotic fungi are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems and are increasingly recognized for their importance in sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration efforts.