Muskariiniantagonistit

Muskariiniantagonistit, also known as anticholinergics or muscarinic receptor antagonists, are a class of drugs that block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various bodily functions, including smooth muscle contraction, gland secretion, and heart rate. By blocking these receptors, muscarinic antagonists inhibit or reduce these effects.

These substances can be naturally occurring compounds or synthetic drugs. They are used in medicine for a variety of therapeutic purposes. For instance, they are employed to treat conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by relaxing airway smooth muscles. They are also used to manage overactive bladder symptoms by reducing bladder muscle contractions and to treat certain types of poisoning, particularly from organophosphate pesticides or nerve agents, which cause excessive acetylcholine activity.

Common side effects associated with muscarinic antagonists can include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and an increased heart rate. The specific effects and their severity depend on the particular drug, its dosage, and the individual's sensitivity. In higher doses, some muscarinic antagonists can cause central nervous system effects such as confusion, drowsiness, or hallucinations.