Mukoproteine

Mukoproteine, also known as mucoproteins or glycoproteins, are complex molecules composed of a protein covalently linked to one or more carbohydrate chains (glycans). These molecules play a diverse range of critical roles in biological systems. Their structure is characterized by the protein backbone, which is extensively glycosylated, meaning sugar residues are attached at specific points. The type, number, and arrangement of these sugar chains significantly influence the mukoproteine's function and properties.

In many organisms, mukoproteine are key components of the extracellular matrix, providing structural support and mediating cell-cell interactions. They are also abundant in secretions such as mucus, where they contribute to lubrication, protection, and immune defense. For instance, they can trap pathogens and prevent them from adhering to tissues. Furthermore, mukoproteine are involved in cell signaling, acting as receptors on cell surfaces or as signaling molecules themselves. They are also important in blood group determination and in the regulation of the immune system. Aberrant expression or function of mukoproteine can be associated with various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders, making them a subject of ongoing research in biochemistry and medicine.