Monoaminen

Monoaminen are organic compounds characterized by the presence of exactly one amino group attached to a carbon framework. The term is used similarly to monoamines in English and covers primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, all of which feature a single amino functional group, though the nitrogen may be bonded to one, two, or three carbon substituents.

Classification and examples vary by substitution pattern. Aliphatic monoamines include simple constructs such as methylamine and ethylamine. Cyclic monoamines include ring-based amines such as piperidine. Aromatic monoamines include aniline and its substituted derivatives. The common feature is the single amino group, which governs many chemical and physical properties including basicity and reactivity.

Synthesis and reactivity: monoaminen can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides with ammonia or amines, by reductive amination of aldehydes or ketones, or by hydroamination of alkenes. They can also arise from amination of hydrocarbons using suitable nitrogen sources. Reactivity is largely governed by the nature of the substituents on the nitrogen and the surrounding carbon framework.

Occurrence and use: many monoaminen occur naturally and play roles as neurotransmitters, hormones, or metabolic intermediates. In industry, they serve as precursors for pharmaceuticals, dyes, polymers, and various chemical intermediates. Safety considerations include irritation, odor, and potential toxicity; several monoamines are volatile or flammable and require appropriate handling and ventilation.

See also: amine, diamine, polyamine, monoamine oxidase.