Mombasa

Mombasa is Kenya's second-largest city and a major coastal port on the Indian Ocean. Located on Mombasa Island with connecting mainland areas, it serves as a key gateway for trade and tourism in East Africa.

Historically, the site has been a cosmopolitan trading center for centuries, linking Africa with Arabia, India, and beyond. The Portuguese established Fort Jesus in 1593 to control the coast; in the late 17th century the fort and town came under Omani influence, and by the late 19th century it became part of British East Africa. Kenya gained independence in 1963.

The economy centers on the Port of Mombasa, East Africa’s leading seaport for containerized cargo and bulk goods, which supports trade for Kenya and inland neighbors. Tourism along the coast, fishing, and some manufacturing also contribute to the city’s economy.

Culturally, Mombasa is Swahili in character, with a historic Old Town featuring carved wooden doors and narrow lanes. Landmarks include Fort Jesus, the Old Town, the Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve, and Haller Park, as well as beach areas such as Nyali and Bamburi. The city hosts a mix of communities, with languages of Swahili and English, and religious diversity.

The climate is hot and humid year-round, with two rainy seasons. Moi International Airport serves international and regional flights, and the SGR railway links Mombasa to Nairobi. A network of highways also connects Mombasa to the inland region.