Molariteti

Molariteti, or molarity, is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution. It expresses how many moles of solute are present in one liter of solution. The symbol most commonly used is M, and the unit is moles per liter (mol/L). Molarity refers to the volume of the entire solution, not just the solvent.

Calculation and preparation are straightforward. Molarity is defined by M = n/V, where n is the number of moles of solute and V is the volume of the solution in liters. To prepare a solution of a desired molarity, the solute is weighed, dissolved in a solvent, and the solution is diluted to a final, known volume using a volumetric flask. For example, a 1.0 M solution of a substance contains 1 mole of solute per liter of the completed solution.

Temperature affects molarity because volume changes with temperature. Molarity is therefore temperature dependent, and values are typically specified at a reference temperature (commonly around 20 °C). In many practical lab situations, molarity is sufficient for stoichiometric calculations, but density and temperature corrections may be needed for precise work.

Relation to other concentration measures is important. Molarity can be related to molality (m) if the solution’s density is known, but they are defined differently—molality uses kilograms of solvent and is temperature-independent. Common applications of molarity include preparing standard solutions for titration, calibrations, and quantitative analyses, where knowing the amount of solute per liter of solution facilitates calculations.