Mikrosirkulaatio

Mikrosirkulaatio, also known as microcirculation, is the smallest part of the circulatory system, involving the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the blood and the tissues. It occurs in the smallest blood vessels, including capillaries, postcapillary venules, and precapillary arterioles. The primary function of microcirculation is to ensure that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the tissues while removing waste products such as carbon dioxide.

Microcirculation is regulated by various factors, including local metabolic conditions, hormonal signals, and neural inputs. It plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to physiological and pathological challenges. For example, during exercise, microcirculation increases blood flow to working muscles to meet their elevated metabolic demands.

Disruptions in microcirculation can lead to tissue ischemia, where tissues do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients, potentially resulting in tissue damage or death. Conditions that impair microcirculation include hypertension, diabetes, and certain inflammatory diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of microcirculation is essential for developing treatments for various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.