Mikronukleát

Mikronukleát is a cellular structure that can form during cell division. It is a small, nucleus-like body that arises from a fragment of a chromosome or an entire chromosome that fails to be incorporated into the main nucleus during mitosis or meiosis. These fragments are typically the result of DNA damage, such as breaks or errors in chromosome segregation. The formation of micronuclei is considered an indicator of genotoxicity, meaning it suggests that a substance or condition has damaged the genetic material within the cell. This damage can lead to mutations and chromosomal abnormalities, which are implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Scientists use the micronucleus test, also known as the in vitro micronucleus assay, as a method to assess the mutagenic and clastogenic potential of chemicals, radiation, and other environmental agents. By observing the presence and number of micronuclei in cultured cells or in cells from exposed organisms, researchers can gain insights into the genotoxic effects of exposure. The size and morphology of micronuclei can also provide further information about the type of chromosomal damage that has occurred.