Microuñas

Microuñas is a term used in Spanish-language science communication to describe tiny nail-like projections that appear on micro-scale structures of some organisms and synthetic surfaces. The word blends micro- meaning small and uña meaning nail or claw, reflecting their pointed, nail-like geometry.

In biology, microuñas are an informal descriptor for micro-projections on the exoskeletons or limbs of certain invertebrates that may aid in gripping, stabilization, or locomotion on tiny scales. These features are smaller than ordinary claws and vary in shape from curved hooks to slender prongs. Because the term is informal, descriptions differ between sources.

In materials science and engineering, microuñas are used to describe biomimetic microstructures designed to enhance adhesion, gripping, or tactile sensing. Researchers pattern small nail-like protrusions on surfaces or on soft robotic components to achieve direction-dependent adhesion or improved friction control at microscale.

Fabrication and analysis employ microfabrication, lithography, soft lithography, molding, or 3D printing, with characterization by scanning electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy.

Terminology and standardization: microuñas is not a formal, universally adopted term; it coexists with similarly descriptive phrases such as micro-claws or adhesion microstructures. Some authors prefer more precise terms when documenting specific geometries.

See also: biomimicry, microstructure, adhesion, microfabrication.