Microeconómica

Microeconómica, also known as microeconomics, is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual economic agents, such as households, firms, and consumers. It focuses on how these agents make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. Microeconomics examines the interaction between these agents in markets and how prices are determined.

Key areas of study within microeconomics include supply and demand, which describe the relationship between the availability of a product or service and the desire for it, and how this relationship influences its price. It also delves into consumer theory, analyzing how individuals make choices to maximize their utility given their budget constraints. Producer theory, on the other hand, investigates how firms make decisions about production, pricing, and resource allocation to maximize profits. Market structures, such as perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly, are also a significant component, as they shape the competitive landscape and influence outcomes for both consumers and producers.

The goal of microeconomics is to understand and predict economic phenomena at a granular level. By analyzing the decisions of individual units, microeconomists can gain insights into broader economic trends and the functioning of entire economies. Its principles are fundamental to understanding concepts like elasticity, opportunity cost, and market efficiency.