Megaloblastären

Megaloblastären refers to the abnormal maturation of red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow. This process is characterized by a delay in nuclear maturation relative to cytoplasmic maturation. The cells affected, known as megaloblasts, are larger than normal and have a distinctive nucleus with fine, lacy chromatin. These enlarged cells are often associated with a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folate, both of which are essential for DNA synthesis. Without adequate amounts of these vitamins, DNA replication is impaired, leading to the characteristic megaloblastic changes.

The condition can manifest in various ways, including anemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological symptoms. The anemia is typically macrocytic, meaning the red blood cells are larger than average, and may be normochromic or hypochromic. Other blood cell lines can also be affected, leading to pancytopenia. Diagnosis is usually made through a peripheral blood smear showing megaloblasts, along with bone marrow examination. Measuring vitamin B12 and folate levels in the blood confirms the underlying deficiency. Treatment involves correcting the specific vitamin deficiency through supplementation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible neurological damage and improve hematological parameters.