MarangoniInstabilität
Marangoni instability, also known as the Marangoni effect or thermocapillary instability, describes the spontaneous formation of convection currents in a fluid layer due to surface tension gradients. These gradients can arise from variations in temperature or concentration across the fluid's surface. When a surface is hotter in one region than another, the surface tension in the hotter region is typically lower. This difference in surface tension pulls the fluid from the region of lower surface tension towards the region of higher surface tension, creating a flow. If this flow is strong enough, it can lead to the formation of complex patterns, including rolls, cells, or even droplets, disrupting the fluid's initially smooth surface.
This phenomenon is crucial in various natural and industrial processes. In meteorology, it plays a role in