Mantellvävnad

Mantellvävnad, also known as mantle tissue, is a specialized layer of cells found in bivalve mollusks, such as oysters, mussels, and clams. This tissue is responsible for the formation and maintenance of the mollusk's shell. The mantle is a soft, fleshy organ that lies between the visceral mass and the shell. It secretes a protein matrix, called conchiolin, onto which calcium carbonate is deposited to build the shell.

The structure of the mantle varies among different bivalve species, but it generally consists of three layers: an outer epidermis, a middle connective tissue layer, and an inner epithelium. The outer epidermis is the primary site of shell secretion. Cells in this layer produce the organic components of the shell and control the deposition of calcium carbonate crystals. The middle layer provides structural support and contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the mantle. The inner epithelium is in contact with the visceral mass and plays a role in respiration and waste excretion.

The mantle is highly sensitive to environmental changes and can respond to stimuli by altering shell growth. For example, changes in water temperature, salinity, or the availability of calcium can affect the rate and composition of shell formation. In some cases, damage to the mantle can lead to shell deformities or the inability to form a complete shell. The intricate process of shell formation by the mantle allows bivalves to create protective structures that are both strong and beautiful, showcasing a remarkable example of biomineralization.