Makhtesh

A makhtesh, also spelled ma'khtesh or ma'khtesh, is a unique geological feature found primarily in the Negev Desert of Israel. The term "makhtesh" is derived from the Hebrew word for "sinkhole," reflecting the characteristic depression or basin shape of these formations. Makhteshim are typically formed through a combination of geological processes, including erosion, tectonic activity, and the dissolution of underlying rock layers, often composed of evaporite minerals such as gypsum or salt.

The most famous makhtesh in Israel is the Dead Sea Makhtesh, which is located along the western shore of the Dead Sea. This makhtesh is approximately 15 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide, and it is known for its striking landscape, which includes steep cliffs, canyons, and a variety of plant and animal life adapted to the harsh desert environment. Other notable makhteshim in Israel include the Ein Gedi Makhtesh and the Ein Avdat Makhtesh.

Makhteshim are of significant geological and ecological interest due to their unique formations and the diverse ecosystems they support. They are also important for their historical and cultural significance, as they have been inhabited by humans for thousands of years and have played a role in the development of agriculture and settlement in the region. The study of makhteshim contributes to our understanding of the geological history of the Earth and the processes that shape its surface.