MTNR1B

MTNR1B is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called the melatonin receptor 1B. This receptor is primarily found in the pancreas and the hypothalamus of the brain. In the pancreas, MTNR1B plays a role in regulating insulin secretion. When melatonin binds to this receptor, it can decrease the amount of insulin released by pancreatic beta cells, particularly in response to glucose. This effect has been linked to potential influences on glucose metabolism and blood sugar levels.

In the hypothalamus, MTNR1B is involved in regulating circadian rhythms, the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, binds to these receptors in the hypothalamus to signal darkness and promote sleep. Variations or mutations in the MTNR1B gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. These associations are thought to be due to altered receptor function, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. Research continues to explore the precise mechanisms by which MTNR1B influences metabolic and circadian processes.