Légzizomgyengeség

Légzizomgyengeség, also known as respiratory muscle weakness, refers to a condition where the muscles responsible for breathing are weakened. This can affect various parts of the respiratory system, including the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and accessory muscles of respiration. The primary function of these muscles is to enable inhalation and exhalation, and their impairment can lead to significant breathing difficulties.

The causes of légzizomgyengeség are diverse and can range from neurological disorders affecting nerve signals to muscles themselves, to systemic diseases that impact muscle function. Neurological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and certain types of muscular dystrophy can directly damage the nerves or muscles involved in breathing. Additionally, neuromuscular junction disorders like myasthenia gravis can disrupt the communication between nerves and muscles. Severe chronic lung diseases, such as advanced COPD or cystic fibrosis, can also lead to muscle fatigue and weakness over time due to the increased effort required to breathe. Other contributing factors can include malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and certain medications.

Symptoms of légzizomgyengeség vary in severity depending on the underlying cause and the extent of muscle weakness. Common signs include shortness of breath, particularly during exertion, but also at rest in more severe cases. Individuals may experience fatigue, a feeling of breathlessness, and difficulty taking deep breaths. They might also develop a weak cough, which can lead to problems clearing secretions and an increased risk of respiratory infections. In advanced stages, or during periods of illness, respiratory failure can occur, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, pulmonary function tests to assess lung capacity and strength, and sometimes electrophysiological studies to evaluate nerve and muscle function. Treatment strategies focus on managing the underlying cause, improving respiratory muscle strength through exercise and respiratory therapy, and providing support for breathing, which may include non-invasive or invasive ventilation if necessary.