Lymphgefäßnetzwerk

Lymphgefäßnetzwerk, also known as the lymphatic vessel network, refers to the complex system of interconnected vessels that form part of the lymphatic system in vertebrates. This network plays a critical role in maintaining tissue fluid balance, immune defense, and the absorption of dietary fats from the digestive system.

The lymphatic vessel network consists of several types of vessels, including initial lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymphatic vessels, and larger lymphatic trunks. The initial capillaries are blind-ended and have thin walls with overlapping endothelial cells that facilitate the uptake of interstitial fluid, immune cells, and waste products. Collecting lymphatic vessels contain valves that prevent backflow and assist in the unidirectional flow of lymph. These vessels drain into larger lymphatic trunks, which ultimately empty into the venous circulation via the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

The architecture of the lymphatic network is highly adaptable, following the distribution of tissues and aligning with blood vessels. It is organized into regional lymphatic plexuses that facilitate immune surveillance by enabling the transport of lymphocytes and antigens to lymph nodes. These nodes act as filtration and activation sites, essential for immune response modulation.

Functionally, the lymphatic network maintains tissue homeostasis by removing excess interstitial fluid, cellular debris, and pathogens. It also plays a vital role in lipid absorption in the intestines, particularly through specialized lymphatic vessels called lacteals. Additionally, the system contributes to immune regulation, serving as a pathway for immune cells to travel and initiate responses.

Disruptions or malformations of the lymphatic vessel network can lead to conditions such as lymphedema or lymphatic malformations, highlighting its importance in health and disease management.