Luukalvot

Luukalvot, also known as periosteum in English, are a tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints. This vital tissue plays a crucial role in bone health and function. It is composed of two distinct layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer. The outer layer is rich in blood vessels and nerves, providing nourishment to the bone and sensing pain. The inner cellular layer contains osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts, which are bone-resorbing cells.

The primary functions of luukalvot are multifaceted. Firstly, they are essential for bone growth and repair. The osteoblasts within the inner layer are responsible for laying down new bone tissue, which is critical during childhood development and for healing fractures. Secondly, luukalvot serve as an attachment point for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, enabling movement and providing stability to the skeletal system. Thirdly, the rich vascularization of the luukalvot helps to supply nutrients to the underlying bone and remove waste products. Finally, the periosteum acts as a protective barrier, shielding the bone from external trauma. Inflammation of the luukalvot is known as periostitis, a condition that can cause pain and discomfort.