Luftröhre

The Luftröhre, also known as the trachea, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is a vital part of the respiratory system, serving as the main airway for air to travel from the upper respiratory tract into the lungs. The trachea is approximately 10-12 centimeters long and about 2.5 centimeters in diameter in adults. Its structure is maintained by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, which prevent the trachea from collapsing during inhalation. The open posterior part of the C-ring is spanned by the trachealis muscle and connective tissue.

Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, the inner surface of the trachea is covered in mucus. This mucus traps inhaled particles, such as dust and pathogens, which are then swept upwards towards the pharynx by the coordinated beating of the cilia. This mucociliary escalator mechanism is crucial for clearing the airways and preventing infection. The trachea bifurcates into the left and right primary bronchi at a point called the carina, which is a ridge of cartilage located at the bifurcation. This division allows air to enter both lungs. The trachea plays a critical role in breathing, protecting the lower airways, and maintaining a clear passage for air.