Loppuessa

Loppuessa is a Finnish verb form classified as a present adverbial participle (converb). It is derived from the verb loppua, meaning to end or come to an end. The form loppuessa expresses simultaneity in time and is used to link two actions by indicating that one event occurs while another is taking place. In English, it corresponds roughly to “as … ends” or “when … ends.”

Grammatically, loppuessa is non-finite and invariable for person and number. It functions in main clauses as a temporal adjunct to a following or preceding action, often replacing or strengthening a subordinate clause introduced by conjunctions such as kun (when) or samalla, illustrating the time frame in which something happens. The construction is typical of written Finnish and is more common in formal or literary styles; in everyday speech speakers more frequently use explicit clauses (for example, kun loppuu) or other time expressions.

Usage notes include the observation that the -essa form does not mark the subject of the action; the subject can be the same as in the main clause or understood from context. It is part of a broader set of converb forms in Finnish that express time, manner, or condition without using finite verbs.

Related forms include other adverbial participles that denote concurrent actions, such as aloittaessa or lopettaessa, which share the same grammatical function as converbs. Loppuessa, therefore, stands as a representative example of Finnish non-finite temporal linking. See also Finnish grammar and converbs.