Lopatky

Lopatky is the Czech and Slovak plural form of lopatka, and in anatomical contexts it refers to the scapulae, the pair of flat, triangular bones that form part of the shoulder girdle. Each scapula sits on the upper back on either side of the spine and serves as a broad surface for muscle attachment, enabling a wide range of upper limb movements. The scapula connects with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint and with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint, allowing the arm to move in multiple planes.

Anatomically, a scapula features a body with several notable processes and surfaces. The spine of the scapula runs horizontally across its dorsal surface and ends laterally in the acromion, while the anterior surface houses the shallow glenoid cavity, which forms the shoulder socket with the humerus. The coracoid process projects anteriorly, and the medial and lateral borders define the scapula’s edges. Associated muscles include the trapezius, serratus anterior, rhomboids, and the rotator cuff group, all of which coordinate to stabilize the shoulder and facilitate motion.

Clinically, proper scapular function is essential for healthy shoulder movement. Dysfunction or injury can lead to conditions such as scapular dyskinesis, impingement, or winging, which may reduce range of motion and cause pain. In everyday language, lopatky may also appear in place names or as part of compound terms in Czech and Slovak texts.