Lisäyspolymeroitumista

Lisäyspolymeroitumista is a type of polymerization reaction where monomers add to one another in such a way that the polymer molecule grows by the repeated addition of monomer units to an active site. This process typically involves a chain reaction mechanism, initiated by a species that forms an active center. The active center can be a radical, an ion, or a coordination complex. Unlike condensation polymerization, addition polymerization does not involve the loss of any atoms or small molecules as byproducts. The empirical formula of the repeating unit in the polymer is the same as that of the monomer.

Common monomers that undergo addition polymerization are those containing double or triple carbon-carbon bonds, such as alkenes. The double bond in the monomer breaks, and the electrons are used to form new single bonds between monomer units, extending the polymer chain. Examples of polymers formed by addition polymerization include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of initiators and catalysts, play a crucial role in determining the molecular weight and properties of the resulting polymer. Different types of initiators lead to different mechanisms, such as free radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, and coordination polymerization, each with its own characteristics and applications.