Lipiddelivery

Lipiddelivery, in the sense of lipid-based drug delivery, refers to strategies that use lipids to carry and release therapeutic agents. The goal is to improve solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics, and targeting for a wide range of cargo, from hydrophobic small molecules to nucleic acids and proteins. Common lipid carriers include liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).

These carriers protect cargo from degradation, facilitate cellular uptake, and can fuse with or permeabilize cell membranes. They can be formulated for various administration routes, including oral, topical, and parenteral delivery. LNPs, in particular, have become central to systemic nucleic acid delivery, with ionizable lipids enabling endosomal escape and reduced toxicity.

Applications span oncology, vaccination, gene therapy, and improving oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Historically, liposomes were among the first clinically approved nanocarriers in the 1990s; more recently, LNPs have enabled mRNA vaccines and other nucleic acid therapies. Advantages of lipid delivery systems include biocompatibility, scalability, and the ability to tailor release and targeting. Challenges involve stability during storage, complex manufacturing, potential immunogenicity or lipid-related toxicity, and regulatory considerations for combination products.

Regulatory approvals exist for several lipid-based drug products, and ongoing research seeks to expand targeting, reduce dosing frequency, and enable broader routes of administration. The field continues to evolve with advances in personalized medicine and multi-functional lipid carriers. See also liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and nanomedicine.