Lichtstörungen

Lichtstörungen, also known as visual disturbances or phosphenes, are subjective experiences of light that are not caused by external light sources. These phenomena can manifest in various forms, including flashes, sparks, shimmering lights, or geometric patterns. They are often perceived in the peripheral or central visual field and can be transient or persistent.

The underlying causes of Lichtstörungen are diverse and can range from benign physiological occurrences to symptoms of underlying medical conditions. In many cases, they are related to the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the eyeball. As individuals age, the vitreous humor can liquefy and detach from the retina, a process known as posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). This detachment can pull on the retina, stimulating photoreceptor cells and causing perceived flashes of light. Floaters, which are small specks or cobwebs that drift through the visual field, are another common manifestation of vitreous changes and are often accompanied by Lichtstörungen.

Neurological conditions can also give rise to Lichtstörungen. Migraine auras are a classic example, where visual disturbances, including flashing lights, zigzag lines, and blind spots, often precede or accompany a migraine headache. Epilepsy, particularly occipital lobe epilepsy, can also cause visual auras. Retinal conditions, such as retinal tears or detachments, can trigger sudden flashes of light, often accompanied by a shower of new floaters and a shadow in the peripheral vision. These are considered medical emergencies requiring prompt attention.

Other potential causes include trauma to the head or eye, certain medications, and increased intraocular pressure. While many Lichtstörungen are harmless and resolve on their own, it is always advisable to consult an eye care professional or physician if new or significant visual disturbances occur, especially if accompanied by other concerning symptoms like vision loss, pain, or a sudden increase in floaters. A thorough examination can help determine the cause and appropriate management.