Leárazás

Leárazás, also known as deflation, is an economic phenomenon characterized by a general and persistent decline in the prices of goods and services in an economy. This decrease in prices can be caused by various factors, including a decrease in the money supply, a decrease in the demand for goods and services, or an increase in the supply of goods and services. Deflation can have significant impacts on an economy, including reducing the real value of debt, making borrowing more expensive, and potentially leading to a decrease in consumer spending.

Deflation can be a natural part of the economic cycle, occurring during periods of economic downturn or recession. However, it can also be a sign of a more serious economic problem, such as a decline in aggregate demand or a decrease in the money supply. In extreme cases, deflation can lead to a deflationary spiral, where a decrease in prices leads to a decrease in demand, which in turn leads to further decreases in prices.

Deflation can also have different effects on different sectors of the economy. For example, it can benefit debtors, as the real value of their debt decreases, but it can be detrimental to creditors, as the real value of their loans increases. It can also lead to a decrease in the real value of savings, as the purchasing power of money decreases.

To combat deflation, central banks and governments may implement various policies, such as increasing the money supply, implementing fiscal stimulus, or providing support to businesses and consumers. However, these policies can have their own set of challenges and potential side effects, and must be carefully considered and implemented.