Lämmastikdioksiid

Lämmastikdioksiid, also known as nitrogen dioxide, is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. It is a reddish-brown gas at standard temperature and pressure, with a characteristic pungent odor. Nitrogen dioxide is a significant air pollutant, primarily produced by the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles and industrial processes. It is a key component of smog and contributes to the formation of acid rain.

Nitrogen dioxide is a potent oxidizing agent and can react with other compounds in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. It also has harmful effects on human health, including respiratory issues and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Prolonged exposure to high levels of nitrogen dioxide can lead to chronic respiratory diseases and even premature death.

In terms of environmental impact, nitrogen dioxide contributes to the eutrophication of water bodies and the acidification of soil and water. It can also damage vegetation and ecosystems, particularly in sensitive areas like forests and wetlands.

Efforts to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions focus on improving fuel efficiency, promoting the use of cleaner fuels, and implementing stricter emission standards for vehicles and industrial sources. Technologies such as catalytic converters and selective catalytic reduction are used to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions from vehicles. Industrial processes are also being modified to minimize nitrogen dioxide production.