Lähiinfrapunainen

Lähiinfrapunainen, often abbreviated as NIR from the English "near-infrared," refers to a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This region lies just beyond the visible red light that the human eye can detect and extends to the beginning of the mid-infrared spectrum. Its wavelength range is typically considered to be from approximately 700 nanometers (nm) to 2,500 nm.

NIR radiation possesses properties that make it distinct from both visible light and other infrared regions. While it is not visible, it carries thermal energy and can penetrate certain materials more effectively than visible light. This penetration depth varies depending on the material's composition. For example, NIR can pass through some plastics, inks, and even biological tissues to a limited extent.

The applications of lähiinfrapunainen are diverse and span across various industries and scientific fields. In spectroscopy, NIR is widely used for chemical analysis. Different molecules absorb and reflect NIR light at characteristic wavelengths, allowing for identification and quantification of substances in samples without physical contact or sample preparation in many cases. This is utilized in quality control for food, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products.

Furthermore, lähiinfrapunainen finds application in imaging technologies. NIR cameras can capture images in low-light conditions where visible light cameras would struggle. This is beneficial in surveillance, night vision, and in scientific imaging of biological processes. In telecommunications, optical fibers transmit data using NIR wavelengths. Its ability to transmit through these fibers with low loss makes it crucial for high-speed internet and long-distance communication. The unique properties of lähiinfrapunainen, including its penetrative ability and spectral characteristics, continue to drive innovation in numerous technological areas.