Kyhormónaframleiðslu

Kyhormónaframleiðsla refers to the process by which the thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones. These hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. The production process begins with the uptake of iodine from the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. Inside the thyroid cells, iodine is attached to a protein called thyroglobulin. This iodinated thyroglobulin then undergoes further chemical modifications. Finally, the thyroid gland releases T4 and T3 into the bloodstream, where they travel to various tissues and organs to exert their effects. The secretion of these hormones is controlled by the pituitary gland, located in the brain, which releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH prompts the thyroid to produce and release more thyroid hormones. This feedback loop ensures that the body maintains appropriate levels of thyroid hormones. Disruptions in kyhormónaframleiðsla can lead to various thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), affecting numerous bodily functions.