Kvarken

Kvarken is a geographic region in the northern Baltic Sea, located in the Gulf of Bothnia between the coasts of Finland and Sweden. It encompasses the Kvarken Archipelago, a large cluster of islands and islets spread mainly along the Finnish coast near Ostrobothnia and the Swedish coast near Västerbotten. The area is notable for its dynamic coastline and ongoing post-glacial rebound, with land uplift continuing since the end of the last Ice Age.

Geology and landscape: The region is shaped by isostatic rebound, producing rapidly changing shorelines, newly exposed bedrock, and a mosaic of archipelago habitats. The archipelago includes skerries, beaches, marshes, and boreal forests on the larger islands, reflecting a transition between coastal and inland ecosystems.

Ecology and biodiversity: The coastal environments support brackish Baltic ecosystems and a mix of boreal flora and fauna. The archipelago is important for migratory birds and marine life, with habitats ranging from open-sea areas to sheltered bays and freshwater-influenced wetlands.

People and culture: The Kvarken region has a long tradition of fishing, shipping, and maritime livelihoods. Today it attracts visitors for boating, nature tourism, and cross-border cultural exchange, underscoring the shared heritage of the Finnish and Swedish coasts.

World Heritage status: In 2006, the Kvarken Archipelago was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its outstanding example of ongoing post-glacial rebound, distinctive archipelago landscapes, and biodiversity. The site is protected under national laws in Finland and Sweden and supports scientific research and education.