Kvantummetrologia

Kvantummetrologia, or quantum metrology, is a field of physics that leverages quantum mechanical phenomena to perform measurements with unprecedented precision and accuracy. Traditional metrology relies on classical physics principles, but quantum metrology exploits quantum effects such as superposition and entanglement to overcome the limits imposed by classical measurement techniques. The Heisenberg limit, a fundamental bound on the precision of classical measurements, can be surpassed using quantum states of matter or light.

Key quantum resources employed in quantum metrology include squeezed states of light and entangled states of particles. Squeezed states, for instance, reduce the quantum noise in one observable at the expense of increasing it in another, allowing for more precise measurements of specific quantities. Entanglement, a non-classical correlation between quantum systems, can be used to create probes whose sensitivity scales favorably with the number of particles involved, leading to enhanced measurement precision beyond what is achievable classically.

Applications of quantum metrology are broad and include improving atomic clocks, enhancing the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors like LIGO, developing more accurate magnetic field sensors, and advancing quantum imaging techniques. The development of quantum metrology is a crucial step towards realizing the full potential of quantum technologies and pushing the boundaries of scientific measurement.