Kummardused

Kummardused is the plural form of kummardus, an Estonian term for a gesture of respect that involves inclining the upper body. The basic form is a bow or obeisance, usually performed by bending from the waist and sometimes accompanied by a nod of the head. The plural kummardused refers to various instances of this gesture.

Etymology and meaning: The word stems from kummarduma, meaning “to bow” or “to bend.” It covers both social greetings and acts of reverence in religious, ceremonial, or formal settings. The gesture is non-verbal and conveys politeness, deference, or solemnity without spoken words.

Forms and contexts: A light kummardus is a brief inclination used as a courteous greeting or farewell in formal situations. A deeper or longer kummardus signals greater respect and may appear in religious rites, ceremonial occasions, or moments requiring solemnity. In some contexts, the gesture may be accompanied by clasped hands, a hand at the chest, or other accompanying motions to emphasize respect.

Cultural usage: In Estonia, kummardused are part of non-verbal etiquette and can be observed in official ceremonies, traditional arts and performances, and certain religious or cultural observances. While not as commonplace in everyday casual interactions as a handshake, the bow remains a recognized and practiced form of showing respect when appropriate.

See also: etiquette, nonverbal communication, greeting gestures.