Kshins

Kshins are a fictional species appearing in the science fiction novel "A Fire Upon the Deep" by Vernor Vinge. They are a sentient species native to the Tines' World, a planet characterized by its incredibly high gravity. This extreme environment has shaped the Kshins' unique biology and society.

Kshins are multi-limbed, insectoid creatures, typically possessing six limbs which they use for locomotion and manipulation. Their bodies are segmented and heavily armored, an adaptation to withstand the crushing gravity of their homeworld. They are also known for their complex social structures, which are heavily influenced by their evolutionary history and the harsh conditions of their planet. Communication among Kshins is intricate, often involving a combination of pheromonal signals and subtle physical movements.

The Kshins possess a form of distributed intelligence, where individual Kshins are not fully sentient on their own. Instead, sentience emerges when a specific number of Kshins, known as a "pack mind," come together. The exact number required for full sentience varies, but it is a crucial aspect of their existence. This pack mind structure has significant implications for their society, technology, and their understanding of themselves and others. They are known for their logical and methodical approach to problem-solving, a trait likely honed by the constant challenges of their environment.