Kristályrendszere

Kristályrendszere, also known as crystal systems, is a classification scheme used in crystallography to describe the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal. There are seven recognized crystal systems, each defined by its unique combination of lattice parameters and symmetry elements. These systems are categorized based on the relationships between the lengths of the crystal axes and the angles between them. The seven crystal systems are:

1. Triclinic: All three axes are of different lengths, and all three angles are different from 90 degrees.

2. Monoclinic: Two axes are of different lengths, and one angle is different from 90 degrees.

3. Orthorhombic: All three axes are of different lengths, and all three angles are 90 degrees.

4. Tetragonal: Two axes are of equal length, and all three angles are 90 degrees.

5. Trigonal: All three axes are of equal length, and all three angles are 60 degrees.

6. Hexagonal: Two axes are of equal length, and one angle is 120 degrees, while the other two angles are 90 degrees.

7. Cubic: All three axes are of equal length, and all three angles are 90 degrees.

Each crystal system can be further divided into point groups and space groups, which describe the specific symmetry operations and the arrangement of atoms within the unit cell. The crystal system of a material can significantly influence its physical and chemical properties, such as hardness, cleavage, and optical properties. The determination of a crystal's system is typically done using X-ray diffraction techniques.