Kontaktidermati

Kontaktidermati refers to an inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with a specific substance. It is a type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction, meaning it doesn't occur immediately after exposure but rather develops over hours to days. The reaction is mediated by the immune system, specifically T-cells, which recognize the contactant as foreign and trigger an inflammatory response.

There are two main categories of kontaktidermati: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis is the more common form and is caused by a substance that directly damages the skin without involving an immune response. Examples include harsh soaps, detergents, solvents, and acids. The severity of irritant contact dermatitis depends on the concentration of the irritant, duration of exposure, and the individual's skin barrier function.

Allergic contact dermatitis, on the other hand, is a true allergic reaction. It occurs when an individual becomes sensitized to a specific allergen after repeated or prolonged exposure. Upon subsequent contact, the immune system mounts an inflammatory response. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel, fragrances, preservatives in cosmetics, and certain medications.

Symptoms of both types of kontaktidermati are similar and can include redness, itching, swelling, blistering, and dryness or scaling of the skin at the site of contact. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes patch testing to identify specific allergens. Treatment focuses on avoiding the causative agent and managing symptoms with topical corticosteroids, emollients, and in severe cases, oral corticosteroids.