Konsentraation

Concentration is a measure of the amount of a substance present in a defined space or mixture. In chemistry, it describes how much solute is dissolved in a solvent, with common units such as molarity (moles per liter), molality (moles per kilogram of solvent), mass fraction, and mole fraction. Concentration can also refer to the density of particulates in a solution or suspension, or to the density of impurities in a material.

Etymology and usage: The term exists in many languages with similar roots. English uses concentration; Indonesian uses konsentrasi; Dutch uses concentratie; German Konzentration. The form "konsentraation" is not standard in these languages and is typically a misspelling or typographical error.

Measurement and calculation: In chemistry, concentration is determined by the amount of solute divided by the volume of solution (for example, C = n/V for molarity). Methods to measure concentration include titration, spectroscopy, and gravimetric analysis. Concentration also appears in contexts beyond chemistry, such as cognitive science (attentional focus) and geography (population density).

Applications and safety: Concentration is central to chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and quality control. Handling concentrated solutions may require safety precautions due to chemical hazards or reactivity.