Kondylära

Kondylära is an anatomical term used to describe structures that relate to a condyle, a smooth, rounded projection at the end of a bone that forms part of a joint. In Swedish medical terminology, kondylära serves as an adjective meaning condylar, indicating surfaces or processes that interact in a joint or resemble a condyle in shape.

Etymology and usage: The form kondylära derives from the Latin condylus (condyle) and related Greek roots, adapted into Swedish as a descriptive suffix. In medical texts, kondylära items may be described as kondylära ytor (condylar surfaces) or kondylära processer (condylar processes).

Anatomical examples: Condyles are found in several bones and are essential for articulation. Notable examples include the occipital condyles at the skull base that articulate with the first cervical vertebra, the mandibular condyle (condylar process) of the lower jaw, and the femoral and tibial condyles at the knee. The knee is a bicondylar synovial joint formed by the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulating with corresponding tibial condyles, while the temporomandibular joint is a complex condylar joint involving the mandibular condyle.

Clinical relevance: Kondylära surfaces are common focal points in imaging and diagnosis of joint disorders. Damage or degeneration of condylar surfaces can affect joint movement and cause pain, stiffness, or limited range of motion. Conditions may be evaluated with radiographs, CT, or MRI to assess condylar integrity, alignment, and cartilage health.

See also: Condyle; Condyloid joint; Anatomy of the knee; Temporomandibular joint.