Kompenzáció

kompenzáció is a legal and economic term that refers to the act of restoring or compensating for a loss, damage, or deprivation. The concept is employed across civil law, labor law, and environmental policy to ensure that individuals or groups receive appropriate restitution after an adverse event. In most jurisdictions, compensation can be categorized into financial, non‑financial, and symbolic forms. Financial compensation includes monetary damages, lost wages, or reimbursements, while non‑financial compensation may involve repairs, replacement of property, or restoration of services. Symbolic compensation, such as public apologies or memorials, serves to acknowledge wrongdoing without direct monetary payment.

In Hungarian law, kompenzáció is governed by specific statutes that outline statutory damages, punitive damages, and restitutionary obligations. Employee compensation refers to wages and benefits provided under labor agreements, and it is regulated by the Labor Code, including provisions for overtime, sick leave, and severance pay. Environmental compensation, on the other hand, addresses the mitigation of ecological damage, providing financial support for restoration projects, reforestation, or pollution remediation.

Compensation mechanisms often involve legal proceedings, arbitration, or regulatory enforcement. Courts evaluate the extent of loss, causation, and foreseeability before awarding damages. In some cases, statutory caps may limit the amount of compensation, particularly in cases of mass torts or large‑scale governmental liability. The overarching aim of kompenzáció is to reestablish the status quo ante, promote justice, and deter future violations by imposing a tangible cost on wrongdoers.