Kolmónoxíð

Kolmónoxíð, also known as carbon monoxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas with the chemical formula CO. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials. This occurs when there is insufficient oxygen present during the burning process. Common sources of carbon monoxide include vehicle exhaust, malfunctioning furnaces, stoves, generators, and fireplaces. In industrial settings, it can be a byproduct of various manufacturing processes.

Carbon monoxide is a toxic substance because it interferes with the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. When inhaled, CO binds to hemoglobin in the blood much more strongly than oxygen does, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported to the body's vital organs, such as the brain and heart. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can range from mild, like headaches and dizziness, to severe, including nausea, vomiting, confusion, loss of consciousness, and even death. The severity of poisoning depends on the concentration of CO in the air and the duration of exposure. Because it is undetectable by human senses, carbon monoxide is a particularly dangerous indoor air pollutant. Safety measures such as installing carbon monoxide detectors are recommended in homes and buildings where combustion appliances are used.