Kofaktorers

Kofaktorers are non-protein chemical compounds that are required for the biological activity of an enzyme. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. Many enzymes, however, cannot function on their own and need the assistance of a kofaktor. These kofaktoren can be inorganic ions or complex organic molecules.

Inorganic kofaktoren are typically metal ions, such as magnesium, zinc, or iron. These ions can help stabilize the enzyme's structure or participate directly in the chemical reaction by transferring electrons or facilitating bond formation. For example, magnesium ions are essential for the function of many enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair.

Organic kofaktoren, also known as coenzymes, are often derived from vitamins. Coenzymes act as carriers of specific chemical groups or atoms. They bind to the enzyme and participate in the catalytic process, often becoming chemically altered themselves during the reaction. After the reaction is complete, the coenzyme is usually regenerated to its original form and can be reused. Vitamins are essential nutrients that our bodies cannot produce, and their deficiency can lead to impaired enzyme function and various health problems. Examples of coenzymes include NAD+, FAD, and coenzyme A. The enzyme without its kofaktor is called an apoenzyme, while the complete, active enzyme with its kofaktor is referred to as a holoenzyme.