Kodeerimisskeemid

Kodeerimisskeemid, or encryption schemes, are algorithms designed to convert plaintext into ciphertext to ensure confidentiality and security. They are fundamental in cryptography, the study of secure communication techniques. Encryption schemes can be categorized into symmetric and asymmetric types. Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, making it faster but requiring secure key distribution. Asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key cryptography, uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption, enhancing security but at the cost of computational efficiency.

Encryption schemes are based on mathematical principles, such as modular arithmetic and number theory, to ensure that decrypting the ciphertext without the correct key is computationally infeasible. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES), while RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are notable asymmetric algorithms.

The security of encryption schemes relies on the complexity of the underlying mathematical problems and the length of the keys used. Longer keys provide stronger security but require more computational resources. Encryption schemes are widely used in various applications, including secure communication, data storage, and digital signatures, to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.