Kochsalzinfusion

Kochsalzinfusion refers to the intravenous administration of a sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution, commonly known as normal saline. This isotonic fluid is close to the osmolarity of blood plasma (about 308 mOsm/L) and provides water and sodium chloride without calories or other electrolytes.

Indications for Kochsalzinfusion include treatment of volume depletion and dehydration, restoration of circulating volume in hypovolemic states, perioperative fluid therapy, and as a solvent for intravenous medications. It may also be used for maintenance fluids in fasting patients or to facilitate the administration of other drugs intravenously.

Administration and dosing are performed by intravenous infusion, either as a bolus for rapid volume expansion or as a continuous infusion at maintenance or replacement rates. Dosing is tailored to the patient’s weight, age, clinical status, and response. Large-volume infusions require monitoring for signs of fluid overload and potential electrolyte disturbances.

Safety and considerations include risks of fluid overload, edema, and pulmonary edema, particularly in patients with heart, kidney, or vascular disease. Large amounts can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and sodium load-related electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring of fluid status, electrolytes, and infusion site is important to reduce complications.

Alternatives and context: in many clinical settings, balanced crystalloids such as lactated Ringer’s or Plasma-Lyte may be preferred to reduce chloride load and acid-base disturbances. Kochsalzinfusion remains a common IV fluid for acute care and various outpatient settings.