Koaguleerumistsüklis

Koaguleerumistsüklis, also known as the coagulation cascade, is a complex series of biochemical reactions in the blood that leads to the formation of a blood clot. This process is essential for hemostasis, the stopping of bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. The cascade involves numerous clotting factors, which are proteins circulating in the blood in inactive forms. When an injury occurs, these factors are activated in a specific sequence, amplifying the signal at each step.

The coagulation cascade can be divided into two main pathways: the intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway is initiated by damage to the blood vessel wall itself or contact with foreign substances. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue damage that releases tissue factor. Both pathways converge at a common pathway, where the final steps leading to the formation of fibrin, the protein that forms the meshwork of a blood clot, are initiated.

The result of the coagulation cascade is the formation of a stable fibrin clot that seals the injured blood vessel, preventing further blood loss. Once the bleeding has stopped and the wound has begun to heal, the clot is broken down by another process called fibrinolysis. Dysregulation of the coagulation cascade can lead to either excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) or inappropriate clot formation (thrombosis), both of which can have serious health consequences. Understanding the koaguleerumistsüklis is crucial for diagnosing and treating various bleeding and clotting disorders.