Koagulations

Koagulations (coagulation) is a general term for processes in which dispersed particles come together to form larger aggregates, gels, or solid phases. It describes both physical-chemical destabilization of colloids and physiological processes that stop bleeding. The common thread is the reduction of particle mobility and the formation of a continuous phase from previously separated components.

In colloidal chemistry and environmental engineering, koagulation refers to destabilizing stable colloids by neutralizing surface charges or bridging particles with polymers. Coagulants such as alum (aluminum sulfate) or ferric chloride are added to water, followed by a flocculation stage that aggregates destabilized particles into larger flocs that settle or are filtered.

In biology, blood coagulation is a tightly regulated cascade that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, forming a clot. It involves platelets, calcium, and a series of coagulation factors. The process prevents excessive bleeding but can contribute to thrombosis if uncontrolled.

Other contexts include food science (protein coagulation by heat or acid), materials science (gelation of polymers), and clinical diagnostics (clotting tests).