Kniegelenkreaktionskräfte

Kniegelenkreaktionskräfte, also known as knee joint reaction forces, are the internal forces that arise within the knee joint during movement and under load. These forces are crucial for understanding the biomechanics of the knee and are generated by the interaction of the femur, tibia, and patella.

When a person stands, walks, runs, or jumps, the body's weight and external forces are transmitted through the lower limb and concentrated at the knee joint. These forces are then resisted by the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and muscles surrounding the joint. The resulting internal forces that balance these external loads are the knee joint reaction forces. They act in various directions, including compressive, shear, and torsional forces, across the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia, as well as around the patellofemoral joint.

The magnitude and direction of these forces are influenced by numerous factors. Body weight is a primary determinant, with heavier individuals experiencing higher reaction forces. Activity level and type of movement play a significant role; for instance, activities involving higher impact, such as jumping or running, generate substantially larger forces than walking or standing. The alignment of the lower limb, the strength and coordination of surrounding musculature, and the integrity of the joint's soft tissues (ligaments and menisci) also critically affect the distribution and magnitude of these internal forces. Understanding knee joint reaction forces is essential for diagnosing and treating knee pathologies, designing orthopedic implants, and developing effective rehabilitation strategies.