Klórgázt

Klórgázt, scientifically known as chlorine gas, is a diatomic molecule with the chemical formula Cl₂. At standard temperature and pressure, it exists as a yellow-green gas with a pungent, irritating odor. Chlorine gas is a highly reactive element and a strong oxidizing agent. It is denser than air and can accumulate in low-lying areas.

Historically, chlorine gas was first produced and identified by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. Its industrial production is primarily achieved through the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, a process known as the chlor-alkali process, which also yields sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It is also a byproduct of some chemical reactions.

Due to its toxicity, chlorine gas is a significant hazard. Inhalation can cause severe respiratory damage, leading to coughing, choking, chest pain, and potentially death. It is also corrosive to skin and eyes. Historically, chlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, causing widespread casualties.

Despite its dangers, chlorine gas has numerous industrial applications. It is widely used in the purification of water and wastewater, acting as a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria and viruses. It is also a crucial component in the manufacturing of various chemicals, including plastics (like PVC), solvents, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. In the production of bleach, chlorine gas plays a vital role. Safe handling and strict safety protocols are essential when working with or transporting chlorine gas.