Kirliliin

Kirliliin is the Mongolian-language term for pollution, the introduction of harmful substances or energy into the environment resulting in adverse effects on natural resources, human health, and ecosystems. Pollution can be caused by human activities, such as industry, transport, agriculture, and energy production, or by natural processes.

Types include air pollution (exhaust emissions, dust), water pollution (industrial effluent, agricultural runoff, heavy metals), soil contamination (industrial sites, pesticide use), noise pollution, and light pollution, as well as marine and plastic pollution.

Impacts: health effects including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, developmental effects, and cancer; ecological disruption; economic costs from pollution cleanup and lost productivity; climate change interactions.

Measurement: monitors, air quality indices (AQI), PM2.5/PM10, NO2, SO2, ozone, water quality indicators (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, BOD, nitrates, phosphates), soil contaminant levels.

Policy and management: pollution prevention, emission standards, waste management, wastewater treatment, environmental impact assessments, sustainable development, international cooperation and agreements aimed at reducing pollution and protecting ecosystems.

See also: environmental policy, public health, sustainability.